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Rolf R. Hainich, Hainich&Partners, Author of [http://www.theendofhardware.com/ The End of Hardware], Booksurge LCC, 2006, 2009 | Rolf R. Hainich, Hainich&Partners, Author of [http://www.theendofhardware.com/ The End of Hardware], Booksurge LCC, 2006, 2009 | ||
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- | Oliver Bimber, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Author of [http:// | + | Oliver Bimber, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Author of [http://www.displaysbook.info/medien/ar/SpatialAR/book.htm Spatial Augmented Reality (free download)], A K Peters, 2005 |
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[[Contact]] | [[Contact]] |
Rolf R. Hainich, Hainich&Partners, Author of The End of Hardware, Booksurge LCC, 2006, 2009
Oliver Bimber, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Author of Spatial Augmented Reality (free download), A K Peters, 2005
Contact
English 2nd edition by A K Peters LTD / CRC Press (2016), ISBN: 978-1-49876-568-8
Korean 1st edition by Hantee Media (2015), ISBN: 978-89-6421-228-8
English 1st edition by A K Peters LTD / CRC Press (2011), ISBN: 978-1-56881-439-1
Since its invention in the late 1920s, television has radically shaped the 20th century. Today, most of our visual entertainment and daily technological tasks are viewed on new and innovative displays. Bulky cathode-ray tubes, for instance, have almost completely disappeared from our desks and have been widely replaced by flat panels. The form and style of home-entertainment displays is evolving from small cubes to large planes. The maximum size of flat-panel devices is constrained by technological and applicability issues. If the limits of size are reached, advanced video projectors may be an option in order to continue this trend.
Small displays are carried around by most of us in the form of mobile phones, personal digital assistants, navigation systems, or laptops. What will come next? What will TVs be like in another 30 years? Will pixels be passed over in favor of voxels or hogels? Will interactive three-dimensional experiences rule out passive two-dimensional ones? Will printed displays be sold by the square yard and be glued to the wall? Will disposable displays with built-in storage chips talk to us from the cornflakes box, powered by printed batteries? Or will we all be wearing display glasses, simulating for us any kind and any number of virtual displays we ever need? Or will we all wear chip implants that directly interface to our brains, eliminating any need for displays at all? These and other questions are of particular interest -- especially considering that many of us will likely witness this evolution.
Display technology will certainly be going through many interesting changes, and perhaps some unexpected revolutions as well. Currently, new displays are being developed at an ever-increasing pace. In the end, price and usability will determine which of these numerous developments will prevail. Concurrently, new possibilities such as flexible displays and electronic paper, display glasses and pocket sized projectors, will change usage habits and lead to new and entirely unexpected applications. These complex interdependencies make the future of display technology quite unpredictable.
The purpose of our work is to address many of the recent and current developments and to offer technical insights into the present and the foreseeable future of display technologies and techniques. In spite of the overwhelming complexity of the field, this book will provide information so that interested students and professionals may make qualified evaluations of existing and soon-to-appear displays. We also present some innovative ideas of our own that we hope will stimulate further research and development.
Content
This self-contained book is written for students and professionals in computer science, engineering, media, and arts who have an interest in present and future graphical displays. With more than 500 illustrations, it explains fundamentals that help to understand how particular types of displays work, on a level that does not require a PhD in optics.
In particular, this book will discuss the following topics: basics of wave optics and geometric optics, fundamentals of light modulation, principles of holography, visual perception and display measures, basic display technologies, projection displays, projector-camera systems and techniques (including calibration and image correction), essence of stereoscopic and auto-stereoscopic displays (including parallax displays, light-field displays and volumetric displays), functioning of computer-generated holography, near-eye displays, real-time computer graphics and computer vision aspects that enable the visualization of graphical 2D and 3D content with such displays, as well as applications.
Supplementary material (including all images used in this book) can be found on this web-site (Material).
The first edition of this book was published in 2011, 5 years before the second edition came out. Given the dynamic developments
in display technology, this is a long time and several recent developments were calling
for an update.
In this period, flat panel displays completed their replacement of nearly any screen at least
in the more developed parts of the planet. LED technology conquered many applications, not
only for displays but also for about any kind of electric lighting. Plasma displays vanished
(making our extended treatment of them historic already), 3D became hype and then normal
again, OLED screens became current with mobile phones while still struggling to conquer
TV sets (not so unexpected, as reaching a competitive price level with a new technology
always takes time), and an exotic technology like quantum dots is now present in almost any
better TV.
Some of these news are adequately treated with small remarks, but others also called for
additions in the fundamentals, like in the optics or the visual perception chapters. Topics
concerned, for example, are mirror optics, index lenses, or depth perception. We also took up
the opportunity to include many little improvements in the explanatory text and illustrations,
throughout the entire book.
Temporal resolution with 2D as well as 3D displays is a topic that deserved and received
even more attention. Another new topic is smart displays, both for spatial and near-eye
displays.
The chapter on three dimensional displays received more on 3D recording and multi
viewer auto stereoscopic displays, and several new topics like compressive displays and focus
synthesis.
The most dynamic field have been near-eye displays; it rightout exploded since the last
edition, with almost any major company investing hundreds of millions in development and
acquisitions. We include an extended treatment of mirror optics and many new approaches
like on-axis displays, smart displays, lightfield near-eye displays, various types of waveguide
displays and diffractive optics, pinlight and contact lens supported near-eye displays.
We also include a new appendix, written by Rafa l K. Mantiuk. The CUDA algorithms in
the former appendix are now common knowledge. But a new topic with increasing display
quality is calibration, as this enables an optimal reproduction of color and the best possible
image, and we think this deserves increased attention. The appendix should therefore be a
useful and timely guide to best practice in calibration, even more so as it concentrates on
perceptual calibration techniques, requiring no measuring equipment.
Finally, we decided to make this book more affordable, by printing it in black and white,
but with all illustrations requiring color included in a separate color-printed section. We will
still provide all figures (in color) and materials for download - for academic use - on
this web page. This also includes supplemental materials to book content originating from sources of our own, like a Blender model for a comprehensive simulation of NED with mirror
optics.
We are grateful to our reviewers who provided us with valuable feedback and discussions (in alphabetical order):
They and our copyeditors, Eileen Worthley, Alice Peters, and Sarah Cutler for the first edition, and Karthick Parthasarathy for the second edition helped to put the finishing touches on this book.
We are grateful to Henry Fuchs (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) for writing the book's foreword (Foreword by Henry Fuchs).
Chapter 8 (Projector-Camera Systems) is largely based on a previous state-of-the- art report, published at EUROGRAPHICS (with friendly permission of the EUROGRAPHICS association). We thank the original co-authors Daisuke Iwai (Osaka University), Gordon Wetzstein (University of Bristish Columbia, Stanford University) and Anselm Grundhöfer (Bauhaus-University Weimar, Disney Research, ETH Zürich).
We thank Anselm Grundhöfer (Bauhaus-University Weimar, Disney Research, ETH Zürich) for providing the appendix, Image Processing for Displays, in the first edition.
We thank Rafa l K. Mantiuk (University of Cambridge) for providing the appendix, Perceptual Display Calibration, in the second edition.
We also want to thank all colleagues, companies and institutions who provided additional image material (in alphabetical order):
Arrington Research, Mark Ashdown, Edwin P. Berlin (LightSail Energy), Fred Brooks (Univ.
of N.C. at Chapel Hill), BAE Systens, Burton Inc., CAE Elektronik GmbH, Nelson Chang
(Hewlett-Packard Laboratories), Paul Debevec (University of Southern California, Google), Elizabeth
Downing (3DTL Inc.), Gregg Favalora, FogScreen Inc., FhG-IPMS (Fraunhofer Institute
for Photonic Micro-systems), Markus Gross (Computer Graphics Laboratory, ETH
Zürich), Wolfgang Heidrich (University of Bristish Columbia, KAUST), HOLOEYE Photonics AG,
Infitec GmbH, IMI Intelligent Medical Implants GmbH, Kent Displays Inc., Masahiko Kitamura
(NTT Network Innovation Labs), Yoshifumi Kitamura (Tohoku University), Kiyoshi Kiyokawa (Osaka University), Sebastian Knorr (Technical University of Berlin), Franz Kreupl
(Sandisk, citations from work at Infineon), Yuichi Kusakabe (NHK Science and Technical Research
Laboratories), Knut Langhans (Gymnasium Staade), Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (Technical
University Munich), LG Philips LCD, Light Blue Optics, LightSpace Technologies, Inc.,
Lumus Inc., Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Microsoft, Microvision Inc., Shree Nayar
(Columbia University), New Scale Technologies, Richard A. Normann (University of Utah),
NTERA, Oculus VR LLC, Hanhoon Park (NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories
Tokyo), Pixel Qi Corp., PolyIC, RAFI GmbH, Imso Rakkolainen (Tampere University of
Technology), Retina Implant AG, Sax3d GmbH, Hideo Saito (Keio University), John Rogers
(University of Illinois), SeeReal Technologies GmbH, Stefan Seipel (Uppsala University), Alfred
Stett (NMI, Universität Tübingen), Dennis J. Solomon (Holoverse, Inc.), Gordon Wetzstein
(University of Bristish Columbia, Stanford University), U.S. Air Force 403rd Wing, VIOSO GmbH, WRSYSTEMS,
Vusix Corporation, Walter Wrobel (Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen), Tomohiro Yendo
(Nagoya University), Chongwu Zhou (University of Southern California), Eberhart Zrenner
(Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen).